Let’s be real: innovation in Africa doesn’t get the recognition it deserves. The world tends to assume we’re just playing catch-up, but sometimes, we take an existing idea and run with it so effectively that we make it ours. Case in point: virtual accounts.
Now, virtual accounts aren’t a Nigerian invention. They’ve been around for years, quietly solving payment problems in other parts of the world. But Nigeria? We’ve taken this product and turned it into a payment powerhouse. Today, virtual accounts aren’t just another payment method here; they’re the payment method. Cards, POS terminals, even mobile wallets? All trailing behind.
If you’re reading this from a country like the US, Canada, or somewhere in Europe, you probably don’t get why virtual accounts are such a big deal. That’s because your payments ecosystem actually works. You’ve got working credit cards, smooth PayPal transactions, and Apple Pay that actually pays. Good for you.
But here in Africa and other parts of the world, where payment systems were stuck in the 2000s until recently, virtual accounts are a lifesaver.
So, what are virtual accounts, and why are they so important for Africa? I’ll explain, but first, let’s briefly discuss what problems virtual accounts solve.
The problem that a virtual account solves
For those unfamiliar, a virtual account is essentially a unique bank account number tied to a specific transaction or customer. It allows you to make payments via direct transfer — no cards, cash, or complicated hoops to jump through.
Why does this matter? Because in markets like Nigeria, payments via card or POS terminals are unreliable at best and a nightmare at worst. Imagine running a small business, and a customer wants to pay online. The card they’re using hasn’t been activated for online transactions. Or they don’t get the OTP on time. Or their card is expired, damaged, or lost. The transaction fails, and you’re left hanging.
Virtual accounts, however, eliminate drama by letting customers pay directly from their bank accounts — no cards, no delays, and no nonsense. It’s no surprise that businesses and individuals in Nigeria quickly embraced this method.
What started as a convenient alternative has now become the dominant payment channel.
Why Nigeria became Africa’s poster child for virtual accounts
The funny thing about Nigeria’s success with virtual accounts is that it wasn’t inevitable. In fact, it’s a story of two unlikely players — Moniepoint (then TeamApt) and Providus Bank — taking a huge gamble on a product that didn’t seem necessary at first.
Back in 2019, Moniepoint had just been issued its switching license by the Central Bank of Nigeria, and Providus was still finding its feet as a regional commercial bank. The payments landscape was crowded with established players like Paystack, Flutterwave, and Interswitch. Virtual accounts weren’t on anyone’s radar. Yet, these two took a chance, and the results were transformative.
At the time, everyone was focused on card payments. But the reality was bleak. Out of 100 bank account holders, typically, only about 60 have cards. Many of those cards were inactive or damaged. OTPs and online activation processes were another layer of inconvenience. Virtual accounts provided a simple alternative: direct transfers.
Within a year, virtual accounts were everywhere, powering everything from e-commerce to utility payments. Today, they’ve cemented their place as the backbone of Nigeria’s payment ecosystem.
So, why hasn’t the rest of Africa caught on? And should they care
This is the question that keeps me up at night. Virtual accounts have proven themselves in Nigeria, so why aren’t they taking off across the rest of the continent?
Of the 54 countries in Africa, 26 currently support faster payments, making them compatible with virtual account technology. This foundation is significant, but adoption hasn’t taken off continent-wide. Why?
Part of the answer lies in how payments work in other African countries. Take East Africa, for example. Mobile money reigns supreme. Payments systems like M-Pesa have made it so easy to transfer money to anyone and anything that banks have taken a back seat.
But here’s the catch: mobile money isn’t always the best solution. It’s great for peer-to-peer transfers and small transactions but struggles with larger payments or complex business needs. That’s where virtual accounts could come in, offering a bridge between mobile money and traditional banking systems.
Another factor is infrastructure. Virtual accounts rely on robust interbank transfer systems, and while 19 African countries, as of January 2025, have these systems in place, the remaining 28 lag behind. For these regions, faster payments are a prerequisite for virtual accounts to thrive.
Why fintechs should bet on virtual accounts
Let’s call it like it is: African fintechs need a new growth path, and virtual accounts might just be the answer. The card market? It’s tapped out. Not everyone has cards; even if they do, the infrastructure to support them is shaky. Failed transactions, delayed authorizations — it’s a mess.
And don’t get me started on International Money Transfer Operators (IMTOs). Once the golden child of fintech, the sector is now overcrowded. Margins are shrinking, competition is fierce, and any founder banking entirely on IMTOs is running on borrowed time.
But here’s where virtual accounts come in. Unlike some shiny new fintech trends, virtual accounts aren’t just theory. They’ve been stress-tested in Nigeria, and not only did they survive, they thrived. They’ve become the backbone of payments, handling everything from e-commerce transactions to utility bills with ease.
Of course, nothing worth doing comes without its hurdles. Virtual accounts rely on fast and reliable interbank transfers; a luxury not every African country has right now. Then there’s the regulatory elephant in the room. Some regulators might hesitate, not because virtual accounts are flawed, but because entrenched players like Mobile Money Operators (MMOs) will fight tooth and nail to keep their dominance.
However, these challenges aren’t insurmountable. Fintechs that lean into virtual accounts are positioning themselves for growth in a market hungry for innovation. If we’ve learned anything from Nigeria, it’s that virtual accounts don’t just work; they win. The rest of Africa is the next frontier, and anyone not paying attention is missing the plot.
A uniquely African solution
What I love about virtual accounts is how they’ve adapted to Africa’s realities. They’re not just a repackaged Silicon Valley solution. They’re built on the backbone of our banking systems, solving problems specific to our markets.
And let’s not forget the cost factor. For businesses, virtual accounts are often cheaper than card systems or mobile money. That’s a big deal in a continent where every naira, shilling, or rand counts.
During the Nigerian End SARS protests, which shockingly was 5 years ago, the power of virtual accounts was evident. As financial restrictions tightened, many turned to virtual accounts for transactions, further cementing their role in Nigeria’s payments ecosystem.
If you ask me, virtual accounts are just getting started. Nigeria has shown what’s possible, but the real potential lies in taking this product across Africa and even beyond.
Imagine virtual accounts in countries where cross-border trade is booming but payment systems are lagging behind. Or in regions where mobile money has hit its limits, and large corporations like Safaricom, Naspers, and Dangote Industries, among others, need a more reliable alternative. The possibilities are endless.
Virtual accounts aren’t just a Nigerian success story; they’re a blueprint for how Africa can lead in payments innovation. Imagine their potential in countries where cross-border trade is booming but payment systems are lagging. Or in regions where mobile money is showing its age and businesses need a more reliable alternative.
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